Martin Luther King Jr. - 1078 Words

Martin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interesting early life. Martin Luther King, Jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929 (History.com Staff). He was baptized in May of 1936 (Biography.com Editors). He grew up with his brother and his sister, and was raised by his mom, Alberta, and†¦show more content†¦He finished high school as the student body president and valedictorian of his class (Biography.com Editors). He later went to college at Morehouse, an all-male, black college, where he studied law and medicine and got his Ph.D. when he was only twenty-five years old (Biography.com Editors). Being smart and going to college helped him become a minister and preach about his beliefs. Preaching helped him speak to people who wanted to know what he wanted. Martin Luther Kings Jr. found people who wanted to listen to him and explained his dreams. His careers really took off after that. He had a lot more followers and spoke more often. His most famous speech is â€Å"I Have a Dream...† (History.com Staff). On August 28, 1963, over 250,000 came to listen to him speak this famous speech at the Lincoln Memorial (Yan). In this speech he talked about everything he wanted for society. In the speech he claims, â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character† (Yan). He also stated that African Americans should not be content with the way they were being treated and that they did not deserve the awful things they were receiving (Yan). This Nobel Peace Prize winning speech was not a literal dream; it was simply an expectation or belief ( History.com Staff). Martin Luther King, Jr.,Show MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. Through his activism, King played a pivotal role in ending the legal discrimination of African American citizens. During his childhood, Martin Jr.’s father stronglyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreMartin Luther King, Jr Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe slaves, African-Americans saw a road trip to equality through the eyes of Martin Luther King, Jr. Even after being emancipated from slaves to citizens, African-Americans were not ready to wage the battle against segregation alone. The weight which African Americans carried on their back, was lightened when they began to see what Martin Luther King, Jr. brought to the table against segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important African-American leader of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreBiography of Martin Luther K ing, Jr745 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born on in his mothers parents large house on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the second child, and was first named Michael, after his father. Both changed their names to Martin when the boy was still young. King JR was born into a financially secure family middle class with that, They received better education in respect to most people of their race. King Jr, noticed this and this influenced him to live a life of social protestRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King, Jr.591 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at home on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were Martin Luther, Sr. and Alberta King. He was born into a world where segregation was the law. Where his boyhood best friend, who was white, wasnt allowed to play with him once they started school. Where black people went to separate bathrooms, drank from separate water fountains, couldnt eat in whites only restaurants, and had toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.2405 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. IN THESE GROUPS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 1968 FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WENT TO PRISON FAMOUS CAPRICORNS Show All Groups 1 of 19  «  » QUOTES â€Å"But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.† —Martin Luther King Jr. Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagesbut the content of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that KingRead MoreThe Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.1123 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 - April 4, 1968) was known as an activist and a remarkable leader for African Americans throughout the Civil Rights Movement. He was put in jail for his non-violent civil rights campaigns, spoke out for racial justice, and tried to find an end to racial discrimination. King’s legacy is still known present day, and continues to be one of the most well known leaders. Throughout Martin Luther King Jr.’s lifetime and the Civil Rights Movement, King was devoted

Palestine By Joe Sacco; A Book Review Essay - 1946 Words

Joe Sacco’s graphic novel, Palestine, deals with the repercussions of the first intifada in Israel/Palestine/the Holy Land. The story follows the author through the many refugee camps and towns around Palestine as he tries to gather information, stories, and pictures to construct his graphic novel. While the book is enjoyable at a face level, there are many underlying themes conveyed throughout its illustrated pages and written text. The most obvious of the themes is that of violence, brutality, and torture. Tied into this also is the idea of injustice. Many of these themes are intertwined. Constantly the reader is berated with violent images, or descriptions of violence. These must be on nearly every second page of the novel. A good†¦show more content†¦The first to examine is near the end of the text while Sacco is leaving Palestine; he is sitting beside an old Jewish American . She states that it is a shame all the violence that goes on in the area, especially after all the hardships the Jews have already suffered. To contrast this, the reader must look back to an earlier instance in the book that is mainly textual . Here it talks about the opinions of the Zionists who first moved to Israel, as well as quotes from Prime Ministers of Israel. Quotes such as, â€Å"Palestinian Arabs have only one role left – to flee.† and â€Å"It was not as though there was a Palestinian people considerin g itself as a Palestinian people and we came and threw them out and took their country away from them. They did not exist.† prove a type of hypocrisy. After all the Jews had suffered from other cultures and societies discriminating against them, one would think that they would not wish to inflict anything similar on another culture or society. Quotes like this almost seem reminiscent to those issued during the time of the Holocaust (i.e., the Jews are not human/people). Similar to this, instances of hypocrisy are apparent throughout the novel . Finally, there is also an underlying theme of the sensationalist nature of the media. At many times one finds Sacco talking about how he wants to see instances of violence happen, because they would make a great page forShow MoreRelatedEssay on Palestine by Joe Sacco; a Book Review1971 Words   |  8 PagesJoe Saccos graphic novel, Palestine, deals with the repercussions of the first intifada in Israel/Palestine/the Holy Land. The story follows the author through the many refugee camps and towns around Palestine as he tries to gather information, stories, and pictures to construct his graphic novel. While the book is enjoyable at a face level, there are many underlying themes conveyed throughout its illustrated pages and written text. The most obvious of the themes is that of violence, brutality

Examination Of Puritan Philosophy In Bradfords on Essay Example For Students

Examination Of Puritan Philosophy In Bradfords on Essay Examination Of Puritan Philosophy In Bradfords on Plymouth PlantatioExamination of Puritan Philosophy in Bradfords On Plymouth PlantationThe Puritan people first came to the New World to escape the religiouspersecution that hounded Non-Anglicans in England. They established thePlymouth Colony in 1620, in what is now Massachusetts. The colony was areflection of the Puritans beliefs. These beliefs, along with the experienceof establishing a colony in the middle of nowhere, affected the writings ofall who were involved with the colony. In this writing, the Puritan philosophybehind William Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation will be revealed. Somefactors that will be considered include: how Puritan beliefs affect WilliamBradfords interpretation of events, the representation of Puritan theology inthe above mentioned text, and how Puritanism forms the basis for Bradfordsmotivation in writing. In Bradfords text, there are numerous instances in which his beliefsaffect his interpretation of what happens. In Chapter IX (nine) of Of PlymouthPlantation, entitled Of Their Voyage , he tells of a sailor ..of a lusty,able body.. who would always be condemning the poor people in their sicknessand cursing them daily.he didnt let to tell them that he hoped to help casthalf of them overboard before they came to their journeys end. But, itpleased God before they came half-seas over, to smite this young man with agrievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself thefirst that was thrown overboard. Bradford believes that the sailor diedbecause God was punishing him. According to Bradford, the sailors cursing, andmistreatment of the other passengers displeased God, so God punished himaccordingly. In the same chapter, Bradford tells of another ship passenger named JohnHowland. At one point in the trip, the Mayflower came upon a violent storm. The winds of the storm were so fierce, and the seas were so high, that all thesailors and passengers had to hull for divers days together. During thisstorm, a young man named John Howland was thrown into the sea, and as Bradfordtells us, it pleased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hungoverboard and ran out at length. Howland caught hold of a rope, and though hewas sundry fathoms under water, he held on until he was hauled up. Bradfordreasons that the man was saved because he was blessed by God. He goes on to saythat he became a profitable member in both church and state, implying that JohnHowland was one of the so called Puritan Saints. To the Puritans, Saints werepeople whom God was to save, so these people received Gods blessings, andtherefore were profitable in Puritan society. In Chapter X (ten) of Bradfords writing, entitled Showing How TheySought Out a Place, Bradford tells us about an Indian attack on his people. Some explorers went out to explore the area around Cape Cod. As they areresting, the Indians attack. And withal, their arrows came flying amongstthem. He continues Their men ran with all their speed to recover their arms,as by the good province of God they did. Bradford belief that the Puritans areGods chosen shows in his writing, and affects his narration of the story. After telling us of the attack, he adds, Thus it pleased God to vanquish theirenemies, and give them deliverance; and by his special providence so to disposethat not any one of them were either hurt or hit, though their arrows came closeby them, and on every side of them; and sundry of their coats, which hung upin the barricado, were shot through and through.In nowhere else does Bradfords Puritan beliefs affect hisinterpretation of events in his writing as much as in Book II, Chapter XIX ofOf Plymouth Plantation, entitled Thomas Morton of Merrymount. Throughoutthe chapter, Bradford tells of a Thomas Morton. His disdain for Morton showsthroughout the entire section. John Dallton EssayMany of the reasons for Bradford writing Of Plymouth Plantation stemsfrom his Puritan beliefs. For one, he wanted to establish a link between hisMayflower group (the group that traveled over the sea), and all future groups ofPuritans. Right at the end of Chapter IX (On Their Voyage), right at the endof the section, Bradford gives us a speech. He begins, May not ought thechildren of these fathers rightly say Our fathers were Englishmen which cameover this great ocean, and were ready to perish in this wilderness; but theycried unto the Lord, and He heard their voice and looked on their adversity etc. Let them therefore praise the Lord.He wanted to show that what his group did was great. They endured thepersecution of the Anglicans in England, and then sailed over an ocean to anuntamed land, and established a colony. Bradfords story is one of hardship;the kind of hardship that the Puritans believe shows God is testing them. Bradford wants the future Puritans to never forget the hardships that his grouphad to endure. Bradford has a sense that what his first group of Puritans didwas grand, and thus he wants to justify the acts of his group. Bradford alsowants to quell any questions or fears that any investors might have had. Bradfords Puritan background influences a great deal of Of PlymouthPlantation. His beliefs sometimes affect his interpretation of events, as inhis telling us of Thomas Morton. His Puritan beliefs also form the basis of thepurpose of his writing. Still, Bradford manages to accomplish a great deal inthis writing. He does immortalize the struggles of his Puritan camp at Plymouth,and he does a good job of accurately depicting the events during those samestruggles. John

Human Resource Management in Service Industry

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management in Service Industry? Answer: Introduction: Human resource management (HRM) refers to the basic employee performance in the organization, how to co ordinates with the employees in the organization. HRM is very important part for all the organization, the basic role of HR manager is to see how employees are working how they managed their work in the organization.HRM generally includes planning, staffing, directing, controlling, motivating.HR use to motivate employee so they can perform their task well in the organization, they use to give a proper training and development to the employee so that they can perform well. Functions of HRM in the organization: 1. The first function is how to recruit employee in the organization, the recruitment process.2. There must be a proper safety and requirement for the employees, it is the very important part for the people who are working in the work place.3. The third function is to maintain the employee relations in the organizations. Hrm in hospitality business: The role and functions of HRM in hospitality business are: The first role of HR in hospitality business is a risk taking, in this the hospitality industry try to take risk by hiring uneducated and inexperienced workers, and also take a high experiences turnover. Due to this HR manager in hospitality industry will lead to legislation. Secondly, HR role is to build a safe work environment, which is related to the culture, HR must recruit the employees from different culture and also promote the organization culture related to programs which demonstrate the employee concern. They engaged the employee by providing them the opportunities to develop their relation with the employee and recognize their contribution which help them to boost their level of performance. Thirdly , training and development which is very important for the hospitality business how they trained their employee by guiding them with the proper rules and requirement ,so they can perform well in the organization , training may be of two types on the job and off the job training . Lastly, staffing which is the major and central role for HR for all the industries, in hospitality industry they select their staff members by screening, which help them to perform well and meet their expectations. Managing HR in hospitality industry will present a specific challenge like roles and responsibilities, background, organizational structure etc.HRM is most significant , well organized well maintain for every success of the business , hospitality business generally occurred long as well as short term of the business in which HRM is a very valuable part .To compete with the global competition now a days all the organization must manage , maintain their HR continuously .In hospitality industry there must be a selection for right person for the job, to identify a good relationship between employees and the employers. Human resource planning in the service industry s, the basic purpose of HR planning is to ensure them at a higher level which will help them to reach their goal. Its help the management practices to reach their goal and level of performance. HR planning for the service industry is very important they help them to reach their goals. Many industry ignore the HR planning because they thing it is very difficult to do. Forecasting play a major role there are two types demand and supply forecasting ,demand forecasting generally means judging the future trends so that the hr recruitment can take the decision and supply forecasting is a two way process were the Hr recruiter can organize and relatively create a good idea. Figure: HRM life cycle HRM life cycle is important for the organization; its like a chain system which includes recruiting and selection, career growth, development, planning, performance management etc. For employee life cycle the HR used to recruit them first then performance management, talent management, new hiring. Conclusion: Human resource management in service industry or hospitality industry is very important. HR should know their work well to take the company into another level .They should recruit and hire a perfect employee which are suitable for the industry .Human resource is very valuable to the industry, the ability to maintain and recruit well. Hospitality Industry is one of the major important industry .In hospitality industry the management need to increase the job satisfaction level for the employee by increasing their compensation.HRM should build a good career path for the employee so that they can reach above their expectation. References Grschl, S, 'An exploration of HR policies and practices affecting the integration of persons with disabilities in the hotel industry in major Canadian tourism destinations'. inInternational Journal of Hospitality Management, 26, 2007, 666-686. Herington, C, R McPhail, C Guilding, 'The evolving nature of hotel HR performance measurement systems and challenges arising: An exploratory study'. inJournal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, 2013, 68-75. Hoch, J, J Dulebohn, 'Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation'. inHuman Resource Management Review, 23, 2013, 114-125. Mitsakis, F, 'Human Resource Management (HRM), Economic Crisis (EC) and Business Life Cycle (BLC): A Literature Review and Discussion'. inijhrs, 4, 2014, 189. Shankari, L, S Suja, 'Benchmarking on HR Scorecard in the Hospitality Industry'. inManagement and Labour Studies, 33, 2008, 80-102. Sherwyn, D, 'Synergies for HR in Hospitality'. inCornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49, 2008, 4-5.4-5.

7 Best Domain Registrars Whos the Cheapest Should You Use Them

Looking for the best domain registrars to purchase your websites domain name?Weve got you covered.In this article, we look at the 7 most popular registrars:NamecheapHoverBluehostGoDaddySiteGroundOVHDomain.comand tell you how each one measures up in terms of price, ease of use, and customer support.All of these domain name registrars are  ICANN-accredited, which means the  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has officially granted them permission to register domain names.Lets jump right in! 1. Namecheap (www.namecheap.com)Namecheap is fully ICANN-accredited and has grown to become one of the most trusted names in the industry. And Namecheap is also one of the best domain registrars when it comes to balancing price and support.Namecheap pricingThe prices for Namecheap are:.com $12.98 (currently on sale at $8.88).net $12.98.co $25.98 (currently on sale at $6.48)If you register a .com domain with Namecheap, theyll also throw in a WhoisGuard privacy protecti on for free. A lot of people dont like publicly exposing their contact information, so this is a nice bonus.Ease of useBuying a domain name on Namecheap is easy-peasy.The checkout process is simple and straightforward, and unlike GoDaddy, they dont try and jam in as many upsells as possible.Namecheaps domain management panel is also simple and intuitive, so they get extra brownie points there.Additional services that Namecheap offersNamecheap also offers:Free domain email forwardingWeb hosting. Namecheap offers 1-click installation for WordPress with most of their hosting plans. They also offer managed WordPress hosting.VPN Services to help you retain your privacy.Namecheap makes a variety of website apps.Customer supportFirst things first: Namecheap only offers 24/7 live chat, so you cant call in.That said, most folks say that the live chat function is easy to use, and they get their inquiries answered in less than a day.Namecheap also has a Status Updates blog  where they keep a ll their customers in the loop about their scheduled maintenance and other issues.2. Hover (www.hover.com)Hover is a relatively new domain seller that bills themselves as the place Where the internets best ideas get named. That claim is somewhat subjective, but the appeal of Hover cant be denied: they are a simple company that does one thing, selling domains and associated email accounts, really well.Hover pricing.com $12.99.org $13.99.net $15.49Ease of UseHover is a company devoted to simplicity, and it shows in their checkout process. There are no upsells whatsoever during the purchase process, and they accept a myriad of payment methods including a variety of credit cards, PayPal, and Apple Pay.Additional servicesHover does provide email addresses with their domains but offers no other services at this time.Customer supportHover allows customers to reach out to them via phone, email, or live chat. However, their customer service representatives are only available from 8AM-8PM Monday-Friday and 12-5PM Saturday and Sunday (all times are EST). This may be an issue if you live in a different time zone.3. Bluehost (bluehost.com)Bluehost is more focused on selling hosting plans than domain names. (Their name says it all!). This makes it one of the best domain registrars if you want a solution where you can have your hosting and domain name all in one spot.Bluehost pricingRegistering a domain name on Bluehost is pretty affordable. Here are Bluehosts prices:Ease of useIts easy to purchase your first domain name on Bluehost. We like their easy-to-use interface, and the fact that they arent aggressive with their upsells.Additional services that Bluehost offersWeb hosting (they even have a discounted plan for WordPress users   this comes with a free domain and free SSL certificate thrown in)Marketing and website design servicesRead our Bluehost review for more on their hosting offerings.Customer supportWhile BlueHost isnt the worst when it comes to customer servi ce, there are quite a few complaints floating around online. In our WordPress hosting survey, they scored a 3.2 out of 5, which was near the bottom of the most popular hosts.Again, this support score is for hosting specifically (not domain registration), but it does give you a good idea of what type of support you can expect.4. GoDaddy (www.godaddy.com)GoDaddy is one of the largest ICANN-accredited domain registrars, and its pretty much a household name. But is it a good fit for you? Lets find out!GoDaddy pricingThe prices for GoDaddy are:.com $17.99.net $19.99.co $34.99Ease of useWere not big fans of the checkout process at GoDaddy†¦Namely because there are so. Many. Upsells.Seriously, though youll get bombarded with upsells at every turn, and it gets really frustrating.Additional services that GoDaddy offersGoDaddy also offers these services:Purchase domain names in bulk.Purchasing domain names that are already taken (or attempting to, at least).Web hosting. If youre gett ing hosting from GoDaddy, they provide 1-click installation for WordPress. You wont need to go through the hassle of installing WordPress manually!Customer supportWhile GoDaddy prides themselves on being the â€Å"Worlds #1 ICANN-accredited Domain Registrar†, many would beg to differ.Theyve gotten a lot of terrible reviews based on their customer service. For example, in our WordPress hosting survey, GoDaddy ranked near the bottom in terms of support quality. While that survey did deal specifically with hosting, rather than just domain registration, it is a good indicator of the overall reputation GoDaddy has for customer service.5. SiteGround  (siteground.com)Like Bluehost, SiteGround is primarily a web host, but they do offer domain name registration services as well.SiteGround pricingSiteGround doesnt have the best pricing; their domain names start at $15.95+ per year. As we said, their primary business is hosting, not selling domains!With that being said, if youre not c omfortable working directly with nameservers, the extra money might be worth it for the convenience of having your domain name and hosting in one spot. SiteGround is one of the best domain registrars  that also offers hosting.Ease of useSiteGrounds website is neatly laid out, and you wont encounter much trouble purchasing a domain. Their domain management panel is intuitive to use as well.Additional services that SiteGround offersSiteGround also offers:Web hostingEmail hostingRead our SiteGround review for more on their hosting offerings.Customer supportWhen it comes to customer support, SiteGround is pretty all-rounded.Their support channels are available 24/7, and you can contact them via phone or live chat, or submit a ticket.In our WordPress hosting survey, SiteGround scored a 4.7 out of 5 for support, which was by far the highest score at its price point. So if support is a big thing for you, thats another mark in SiteGrounds favor.6. OVH (www.ovh.co.uk)OVH is the #1 domain r egistrar in Europe.  So if you do reside in Europe, this is one of the best domain registrars for you.OVH pricingBecause OVH is based in the UK, its pricing is in pounds.All domain names come with a free email address (+ 5GB of storage space), a Whois Obfuscator, a Domain Name System Security Extension, and DNS management.Ease of use  Its easy enough to navigate OVHs website and purchase a domain name.Their domain management panel is also decent no major problems there. With that being said, the management interfaces and the level of support offered vary by location which is inconvenient for multinational customers.Additional services that OVH offersIn addition to domain names, OVH also offers:Web hosting. (Theres the option of purchasing an add-on called DNS Anycast, which redirects your visitors to the DNS server that is the closest to them.)Customer supportWe didnt manage to dig up a ton of reviews about OVH, but the ones that we did find talk about how OVH isnt very respons ive.  Response times can be slow and it may take 24 hours or more to get in touch with someone.7. Domain.com (www.domain.com)Domain.com offers a variety of service, but their primary focus is on selling domains.Domain.com Pricing.com $9.99.co $6.99.net $12.99Ease of useThe Domain.com checkout process is relatively simple but does feature an obnoxious number of upsells. They also have the base time for a domain purchase set at two years, so youll need to adjust it manually if you only want to purchase a domain name for only one year.Additional servicesDomain.com offers web hosting services, including their own custom Website Builder. However, these services are not recommended. If you go through Domain.com for your domain, we strongly recommend looking elsewhere for hosting.Customer supportAccording to the reviews, Domain.com customer service is slow to respond when they do respond at all. These reviews are based on the hosting products, but provide good insight into how custome r support will work with you if you buy a domain from this source.Go to topWrapping it upIf you ask us, the best domain name registrar (by far!) is Namecheap.They have great customer service and excellent prices, and theyre an easy choice!And if you need help coming up with a domain name to register, check out our posts on domain name generators, domain extensions, and how to choose a domain name.Now over to you have you used any of the best domain registrars featured here? What was your experience? Drop us a comment to let us know! * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.

Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues

INDIAN STATUS AND BAND MEMBERSHIP ISSUES INTRODUCTION Historically, entitlement to Indian status and Indian band membership have been complex and controversial issues. The legal definition of the term â€Å"Indian† has brought with it certain benefits and eligibility for federal programs, as well as a history of limitations on rights.(1) Disputes over the definition of Indian status, the authority to determine band membership, and access to rights tied to status and membership have given rise to conflicts between Indian bands and governments, and within Indian communities. In 1985, amendments to the Indian Act (Bill C31)removed a number of discriminatory provisions from the Act. One result has been a significant increase in the size of the status Indian population. The changes also increased band control over membership and other aspects of community life. While eliminating some problems, in the ensuing decade the amendments introduced a number of new political, social and financial issues for Indian communities. In recent years, membership-related disputes, often tied directly to Bill C31, have resulted in a number of significant court cases. A consideration of these issues also raises broader questions about the changing nature of the Indian population in Canada, the rights of individuals and communities, and the power to determine membership under self-government arrangements. This paper examines some of the current issues surrounding Indian band membership. It surveys Indian Act provisions regarding status and band membership and the changes introduced through Bill C31. The paper then discusses some of the consequences of that bill and outlines subsequent court cases that focused on band membership and associated rights. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the resulting judgments and comments on membership issues in the context of self-government for Indian commun... Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues Free Essays on Indian Status and Band Membership Issues INDIAN STATUS AND BAND MEMBERSHIP ISSUES INTRODUCTION Historically, entitlement to Indian status and Indian band membership have been complex and controversial issues. The legal definition of the term â€Å"Indian† has brought with it certain benefits and eligibility for federal programs, as well as a history of limitations on rights.(1) Disputes over the definition of Indian status, the authority to determine band membership, and access to rights tied to status and membership have given rise to conflicts between Indian bands and governments, and within Indian communities. In 1985, amendments to the Indian Act (Bill C31)removed a number of discriminatory provisions from the Act. One result has been a significant increase in the size of the status Indian population. The changes also increased band control over membership and other aspects of community life. While eliminating some problems, in the ensuing decade the amendments introduced a number of new political, social and financial issues for Indian communities. In recent years, membership-related disputes, often tied directly to Bill C31, have resulted in a number of significant court cases. A consideration of these issues also raises broader questions about the changing nature of the Indian population in Canada, the rights of individuals and communities, and the power to determine membership under self-government arrangements. This paper examines some of the current issues surrounding Indian band membership. It surveys Indian Act provisions regarding status and band membership and the changes introduced through Bill C31. The paper then discusses some of the consequences of that bill and outlines subsequent court cases that focused on band membership and associated rights. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the resulting judgments and comments on membership issues in the context of self-government for Indian commun...

Speaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speaker - Essay Example Vanchiere would give a speech that would be largely similar to nearly all the other speeches that I have heard over the years, I was pleasantly surprised to find that the speech was quite interesting and could easily be analyzed using the five cannons of rhetoric. Rhetoric is mainly seen to be divided into five key categories that mainly include arrangement, style, invention, delivery and memory, it is these five categories that essentially comprise of the five canons of rhetoric. An analysis of the speech given by Dr. Vanchiere reveals that that he used the five cannons of rhetoric as follows. Invention: This cannon is defined as being the art through which the speaker is able to successfully find a number of appropriate rhetorical arguments that can be presented in a given rhetorical situation. In using this cannon of rhetoric, Dr. Vanchiere started off the lecture by pointing out that the HPV vaccine is one of the most successful vaccines that is currently being administered. Dr. Vanchiere then went on to compare the successes of the HPV vaccine as compared to other vaccines such as the flu vaccine. By using the flu vaccine as a comparison against the HPV vaccine, the doctor was able to successfully create a reference point that resonated with his audience as most members of the audience could easily relate with the flu vaccine as nearly all of them had been given the vaccine at some point in their lives. Arrangement: The rhetorical cannon of arrangement is seen to be concerned with the arrangement of a speech in a manner that will enable the speech to have the maximum level of persuasion that it can possibly have. In this regard, after Dr. Vanchiere had commenced his speech by arguing that the HPV is actually the most successful vaccine to have ever been created. He went on to validate his claims by providing empirical data on some of its successes such as the fact that an estimated 80 million doses of the vaccine have already

Campaign Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Campaign Design - Essay Example world’s population are living with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, mental health conditions, and more. Therefore, AARP came up to advocate for changes in the health sector in order to improve the health condition of the ageing generation. AARP is a lobby group that released a report in 2009 stating that patients experience lack of coordination from health providers, specifically by receiving repeat tests and procedures, unnecessary hospitalizations, and difficult transition from hospitals to homes (Whyte, 2012). AARP is a lobby group that wants the elderly to move away from traditional ‘doctor/patient ‘roles. The group wants its members to embrace their own involvement in health care and in exploiting alternative medical options (Kazbare,Van & Eskildsen, 2010). The group combines with the consumerism movement to empower its members. In addition, the group exercise control in requesting second opinions from doctors and alternative treatment methods in health care decisions (Halfmann, 2011). There is the issue of over-medicalization of aging. AARP always addresses this question: (i) at what point as people as age do, we become accepting of aging and stop rushing to a physician all of the time? (ii) How do people decide whether to fix a problem if it has more to do with later years of life than with a traditional medical ailment? And (iii) Can people depend on their physicians to clearly tell them when a medical problem is as easily addressed by physical therapy as by a surgical procedure of some type- especially when there are low-tech ways to improve the situation (Rasmussen, 2014). According to AARP, old people must consider above question. The group argues that medicalization of ageing potentially exposes seniors to more and more risks without really solving the problems. AARP is a lobby group that addresses the challenges in the health sector, especially the issue of staffing. The group does not just

The Impact of Technology on Society Research Paper

The Impact of Technology on Society - Research Paper Example Thus, even the microlithic flint tools used by the  early  man was just as much technological advanced as robots may be in a few centuries to modern man, that is, allowing for the chronological differentiation. This paper will seek to  establish impacts of technology on  humanity  through discussing some of the effects, and some negative effects. If technology needed a face,  communication  would be the most  suitable  since it is one thing all human beings have in common. In addition, it has been the main beneficiary of the technological  development, which  has taken place over time. The most significant aspect of this is evident in the new means by which communication occurs, in the past communicating with someone in a different  town  would take weeks as one waited for the postman. This  has been drastically changed with mobile telephony, internet and other wireless means of communication, since through video conferencing one can easily  hold  a fa ce-to-face meeting with someone in different continents. ... This way, technology is its own  vehicle  since, through it; information can be communicated and shared  rapidly. Humans today are privy to more information that any time in the past when governments and the church would  control  what one could  know  or not. The internet does not  recognize  e political boundaries and this  way  there is a free flow of information. Evidences of this can be found in the recent uprisings in Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, the internet  was used to  rally  the citizens to  rise  against tyrannical  leadership  by using Facebook pages for strategizing since mainstream media  were controlled by the state (Crovtiz  1). This gives new meaning to the  adage  information  is power, because, in those cases, it was  literal  power. That the world is becoming a global village, is no longer just cliche used by pro technologists but a reality that requires little imagination to  appreciate. As a result of  develop ment  in mechanical and aeronautical engineering, humans can now  travel  from any place to the other at speeds that would have seemed  supernatural  in the not so distant past. Consequently, jets and other airplanes  enable  the distance between continents to be covered in a matter of hours. Many of these  are automated  and are travelling in them is  significantly  safe this also applies to cars, and trains. In fact, many of these automated planes are self-flown and even when they have pilots, they do not have to  man  them all the time (Peter 1). This has exponentially reduced the importance and role of distance. Today, the distance between say Europe and America can be covered in about 3 hours. This way people in far off

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Postnatal Refractory Hypoxemia

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Postnatal Refractory Hypoxemia THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA FOR POSTNATAL REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA « A CASE REPORT IN A TERM NEONATE K. Sarafidis1, E. Diamanti1, V. Soubasi1, K. Mitsakis2, V. Orossou-Agakidou1, Bianca Popovici3, M. Moga3 Summary We describe a term neonate treated with whole-body hypothermia several days after birth to counteract refractory hypoxemia due to persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to optimal treatment. This approach was selected to improve oxygenation and protect the brain from the consequences of hypoxemia. In our experience, hypothermia did not worsen pulmonary hypertension, although no beneficial effect on oxygenation was noted. Never ­theless, the favorable neurological outcome of die neonate provides some evidence for neuroprotection against refractory hypoxemia using hypothermia. Key words: persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate, neuroprotection, mechanical ventilation Rà ©sumà © Lhypothermie thà ©rapeutique pour lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire post-natale: prà ©sentation dun cas dun nouveau-nà © à   terme Nous dà ©crivons un nouveau-nà © à   terme traità © par hypothermie du corps entier quelques jours aprà ¨s la naissance afin de neutraliser lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire due à   lhypertension pulmonaire persistante qui ne rà ©pond pas à   un traitement optimal. Cette approche a à ©tà © choisie pour amà ©liorer loxygà ©nation et protà ©ger le cerveau contre les consà ©quences de lhypoxà ©mie. Dans notre expà ©rience, lhypo ­thermie na pas aggravà © lhypertension artà ©rielle pulmonaire, mais il na à ©tà © notà © aucun effet bà ©nà ©fique sur loxygà ©nation. Nà ©anmoins, là ©volution neurologique favorable du nouveau-nà © a fourni des preuves de neuroprotection contre lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire à   laide de lhypothermie. Mots clefs: hypertension pulmonaire persistante, neuroprotection Introduction anagement of late preterm and term neonates with moderate-severe hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) following perinatal asphyxia is, hitherto, the only evidence-based application of hypothermia in neonatology as it reduces mortality without increasing major disability in survivors [1, 2]. Other situations such as perinatal arterial ischemic stroke, neonates with HIE beyond the therapeutic window of the first 6 hours after birth or less than 36 weeks gestation and those with unexpected postnatal collapse could potentially benefit from this neuroprotective treatment, but, at present, only few or no data is available [2, 3]. This case describes a term neonate treated with whole-body hypothermia several days after birth to counteract refractory hypoxemia and protect the brain from its consequences. Case report A female, 3.470 g newborn was transferred to our hospital at 10 hours of life for respiratory distress. The baby was bom at 39+4 weeks gestation after caesarian section due to mild fetal distress. Bag and mask ventilation were given at birth, and the 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores were 6 and 9, respectively. Conventional mechanical venti ­lation was started upon admission to our department while the lung X-ray was suggestive of transient tachypnea. Temporal improvement in oxygenation was noted following exogenous surfactant administration (Beractant, 100 mg/Kg/dose). Thereafter, oxygen requirements increased significantly, despite optimal ventilation (including high-frequency oscillatory ventilation) and supportive management (sedation-analgesia, inotropes). Following X-rays consis ­tently showed the absence of parenchymal lung disease. Car ­diac ultrasound confirmed the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), but inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) at 20 ppm and other adjunctive therapies (oral sildenafil, bosentan) had no clinical effect. Repeat sepsis work-up was negative. Continuing, severe impairment in oxygenation prompted us to apply whole-body hypo ­thermia (Tecotherm Neo ®, target rectal temperature 33.5 ±0.5  °C)for 72 hours starting from day of life (DOL) 6, which was well tolerated. During hypothermia, the respira ­tory failure slightly improved, in the short term, as indicated by the reduction of alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen (fig. 1). Despite refractory hypoxemia, no clinical seizures were obsewed whereas there were no pathologic findings on head ultrasound scans and amplitude-integrated-EEG. Interestingly, the sleep-wake cycle was lost during cooling but normalized after the end of this treatment. From DOL 14 onwards, oxygenation started to improve (although still with variable) finally allowing weaning from the ventilator (DOL 20) (fig. 1). Brain imaging (ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging) were normal at hospital discharge (DOL 36) as was later neurodevelopment (6 months). Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to report the use of whole-body hypothermia in neonates with refractory hypoxemia secondary to PPHN as adjunct to mechanical ventilation and as neuroprotection. PPHN is an important cause of neonatal respiratory failure associated with increased mortality and neurological impairments in survivors [4]. Hypothermia reduces oxygen consumption as well as C02 production [5]. Moreover, experimental animal data show that hypothermia may protect [6] or attenuate the ventilator-induce lung injury mitigating the pro-inflammatory response [7]. Improved gas exchange has also been reported in the latter investigations [7]. Similarly, there is evidence although limited from studies in critically ill adults suggesting an improvement in oxygenation [81 and ventila ­tion [91 with hypothermia. Therefore, this therapeutic technique could potentially be beneficial in our patient breaking the vicious circle of hypoxemia, PPHN and ventila ­tor-induced lung injury. On the other hand, aggravation of Figure 1 Supportive care and serial changes of alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen (AaD02, best and worse) during the first 3 weeks of life (B and C). Initial lung X-rays (A) and snapshot of the a-EEG recording before and during hypothermia (D) are also shown. hfov CMV: Conventional mechanical ventilation, DOL: Day of life, HFOV: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, iNO: Inhaled nitric oxide PPHN was a possible clinical scenario, given the metabolic response to cold stress (increased catecholamines and pulmonary vascular resistance) [5]. In large randomized controlled trials of hypothermia in perinatal asphyxia, PPHN at randomization was considered as an exclusion criterion [21. It is our clinical observation that a slight and temporal improvement in alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen was indeed observed during hypothermia. However, this could be an oxygen extraction issue. At lower temperatures, oxyhemo globin dissociation curve is shifted to the left resulting in decreased oxygen release to the tissues which in turn have decreased oxygen demands [5]. Nevertheless, the fact that improved oxygenation was not sustained and, also, that coin ­cided with the application of high frequency ventilation does not allow us to support any significant effect of whole-body hypothermia per se on oxygenation. Yet, this trend towards improvement in oxygenation is in line with the most recent relevant meta-analysis, in which hypothermia was found not to increase the risk of PPHN, at least as indicated by the need for Ino [1]. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could be an alternative treatment to PPHN [4], but no ECMO center was available. Conversely, this invasive intervention encompasses severe risks for the brain. Actually, for this very reason mild hypothermia was preventively attempted for 12 hours in a small cohort of neonates receiving ECMO. Unfortunately, neurodevelopment outcome was not assessed [10]. We applied therapeutic hypothermia as this is a promising means of neuroprotection in neonates. None the less, two facts merit comment in the present case: the lack of any clinical or other evidence of brain injury (normal head ultrasound scan, a-EEG) when cooling was decided and the application of hypothermia several days after birth. So far, hypothermia is only indicated as early as possible in neonates with evidence of HIE following an acute perinatal event, so as to limit the already activated molecular mecha ­nisms of neuronal damage and death [11]. It is impossible to know whether prolonged hypoxemia triggered such a cascade of events in our neonate. However, therapeutic hypothermia has also been tested in neonatal conditions, independent of neuroprotection. Advanced necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants is such an example, where mild hypothermia was applied as an alternative therapy to reduce intestinal injury and distal organ damage [12]. Specific biochemical biomark ers or more sophisticated techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance spectroscopy) could possibly have provided some indications as to the presence of cerebral injury secondary to refractory hypoxemia and the impact of hypothermia. Such techniques, however, are available for use at the bedside only in a few centers [13]. Additionally, our baby-girl was not part of a relevant study and, therefore, no investigations beyond those indicated in everyday clinical practice were performed. Nonetheless, its favorable neurological outcome is encouraging. Since we are not, however, able to know whether and to what extent hypothermia had any neuroprotective effect against hypoxemia related to respiratory failure, this approach needs to be evaluated in large trials.

Thomas Hart Bentons June Morning. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I never go anywhere alone. After a depressive Saturday morning I finally crawled out of bed and went to the Cummer Museum. Art is one thing that I don’t understand. How people can find deeper meanings from paint on a canvas is Japanese to me. When I look at a painting I see exactly what is being shown and nothing more. There is no deeper meaning evident. Being at this museum cranky and solo trying to find a picture I felt connected to was almost impossible. It took me about ten minutes to go through the whole museum. But in one of the last sections I went in there was finally something that my eyes were drawn to. An image that made me want to find the deeper meaning. Thomas Hart Benton’s June Morning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From across the room I could see the bright yellow, pink and red flowers. Taking some steps forward there was even more to like. The overall appearance is a depiction of everyday life. The setting is outside in a grassy area. The sky looks grey but is turning brighter. There is a house in the country whose owner is in the front milking a cow. There is a dead tree that stands bear in the center. The objects that appear closest are a broken fence and the intensely bright colored flowers. All of the objects seem animated and do not seem realistic. The clouds are grey and sharp. Making the viewer feel that something is wrong. It looks like a storm was just taking place. The wind blew the clouds away and is still blowing the grass to the right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somehow I related to this painting at the moment. Looking back in the distance in the sky you see that there was a turbulent time. Saturday was such an awful morning. When backing up you see the bottom of the picture. The lush lively flowers show the bright side happy ending. This was my reminder that there is a calm after the storm just like in the picture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After coming home I thought it would be a good idea to do some research. What was going on at the time Benton painted, June Morning? This would help to solve the mystery of what some of the symbolism was trying to say. Thomas Hart Benton was a regionalist who used art to depict the experiences of an everyday American.

Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest

Since the dawn of civilization, man has always been searching for techniques to have a system of food channeling. Agriculture provided the requisite respite from hunting and gave mankind the necessary support. The United States of America, had agriculture as an integral part of the system and certain states have more affinity towards farming than others.Agriculture in California and Pacific Northwest has had its share ups and downs and both the regions have seen newer developments in agriculture due to newer laws and advances.â€Å"Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest†One of the most intriguing occupation, that has not only been age old but also the most satisfying, has been ‘agriculture’.   California’s agriculture has a very unique history to it. The amount of changes that have taken place over a course of 200 years is enormous, and the agricultural industry has gone through a good and bad tenure during this phase.The changes have been intricate and precise due to a no. of factors.   The alterations in the industry has taken place in the choice of mix of crops; The kind of technology that has been altered from horse driven ploughs to high tech tractors embedded with powerful global positioning satellite guides.;The directional sources of water has been changed along with changes in ownership arrangement.   The face of the industry has completely been changed due to the growing demands of the urban population.But there are some factors of the Californian agriculture that remain the same. These core values have been with agriculture field from the start and have never been part of any change in the system.On a primary level, majority of the farming done in California has always been market eccentric and had never revolved around sustenance of famer’s family which was the basic concept of farming in the pre years of the country.The Farming community of California has always been adaptive and the entrepreneur mentali ty has always been an integral part of them.   Californian agriculture has always catered to newer markets demands and has always been part of a unique economic agricultural philosophy. Agriculture in CA has provided opportunities of fulfilling local and international market needs.From supplying wheat to Europe to vegetable in Asia, California’s agriculture has been a pioneer for varied markets.   Wine production was also fulfilled by California’s agriculture.Another factor that has been instilled in agriculture in CA is its resource dependency which has been laid out from the olden ages.   The agriculture carried out in California has always been ridden with antagonistic searching of newer lands and water resources.   Lands and water have been exploited before and the case is no different even in the latest times.This factor has been rampant in the agricultural society of California.   An additional factor that has always been with California’s agricu lture is how the absence of water has brought a shape to it. Due to the excess demand of California’s agricultural supplies, it has always been in need of apt water resources.This is exactly why California’s agriculture has always been an active participant of water wars both on an internal and external front.Like each industry, the success of production is dependent on the quality of skills and the quantity of labors that one has for effective working of the operation.   California’s agriculture was no different when it came to labor management and problems that were holed up due to the deficiency of requisite manpower.Due to the varied farming and harvesting techniques in California, the dependency on agricultural labor was a crucial factor in the olden times. Today dependency of agricultural labors is still a crucial part of the Californian agriculture, but with lenient immigration laws, the void has been filled by immigrants from Latin America and Asia.The se immigrant agricultural labors have been actively operating large scale operations on the land and have been instrumental for specialty crop farms. One of the prime decisive factors that have not changed over the course of history is the California’s agriculture’s susceptibility. Farming is one such industry that has always been affected by calamities caused by natural reasons.Agriculture which is wholly dependent on nature’s mercy gets completely dissuaded when natural fury likes floods or droughts occur. Financial crashes also affect agriculture, and California’s agricultural needs have been greatly disturbed by recessions and economic depressions.   It still is at risk when financial market around the world crash, destroying the scope of increasing market needs.California’s agriculture always driven by market needs has always opened up opportunities for functioning of large scale operations. Due to the diversity of operations, agriculture in California has always required specialized management to handle the complexity of such operations and also to monitor the success of these operations.The historic â€Å"Gold rush â€Å", was one of the front running elements that embedded the need for higher technical management in California. With passing of time and advancements in technology, the management that overlooks high end technical operations has been critical for effectuating success.California’s need for higher technologies in agriculture has always been a dominant factor amongst its community. The fact that the entire agriculture has been market oriented, the need to create a niche always existed in the agricultural sector of California.There have always been heavy investments in better technologies and irrigation equipments, large scale operational technologies, pest control are key examples of such technologies.   California agriculture also ventured into food processing and wine making to gratify the ma rket with high end.The capitalist philosophy of California’s agricultural community has been a key element in driving the state towards a technology dependent farming and production.The following will best describe the qualities of a famer, which is best felt by California’s agricultural community:â€Å"The farmer in California, to be successful, must be a skilled agronomist, a careful manager of labor, an astute businessman, a speculator, and certainly an optimist. In recent decades California agriculture has been characterized by a high degree of specialization, seasonality, and reliance (Clarke Chambers. Page 1.1952).

Code essays

Code essays Many people may not know it, but they have heard part of Hammurabis Law Code before. It is where the fabled eye-for-an-eye statement came from. However, this brutal way of enforcing laws was not always the case in ancient Mesopotamia, where Hammurabi ruled. The Laws of Ur-Nammu are much milder and project a greater sense of tolerance in an earlier time. The changing Mesopotamian society dictated this change to a harsher, more defined law that Hammurabi ruled from. It was the urge to solidify his power in Mesopotamia that led Hammurabi to create his Law Code. It must first be noted that the Laws of Ur-Nammu were written some time around 2100 B.C., around three hundred years before Hammurabis Code. Because of this, The Laws of Ur-Nammu are much less defined in translation as well as more incomplete in their discovery. However, it is apparent from the text that these laws were concerned with establishing Mesopotamia as a fair society where equality is inherent. In the prologue before t he laws, it is stated that the orphan was not delivered up to the rich man; the widow was not delivered up to the mighty man; the man of one shekel was not delivered up to the man of one mina. This set forth that no citizen answered to another, or even that each citizen answered to each other, no matter their wealth, strength, or perceived power. This distinction of an equal society was important to the growing territory that was Mesopotamia. It allowed each person to feel important to their community because they were not lorded over by a superior class. Also, the sheer amount of different bands of people that made up the initial Mesopotamian society dictated that no distinction between origin or race could be made without destroying the careful balance that was set up. The Laws of Ur-Nammu were also distinct in that most penalties were fines or payments. One law stated that if someone severed the nose of another m...

Writing About History

Writing About History Writing About History Writing About History By Maeve Maddox Ever since people started writing history, theyve needed some way to locate events in time. Romans tied events to consular years. Two men were elected every year to serve in the office of consul. Roman historians said that a certain event took place in the year that Marcus Such and Such and Publius So and So were consuls. Historians who lived in monarchies could date events to regnal years, that is, a time tied to the reign of a particular king. This battle was fought in the third year of King So and So. Some Jewish and Christian writers referred to creation years. Various scholars believed they could date the creation of the earth from clues in the Bible. One commonly accepted date was October 7, 3761 BCE. Writers would use that date as a reference point. Roman consular dating prevailed in the West until the year 541 CE when the Emperor Justinian I stopped appointing them. The terms BC and AD were first used by a monk in about 525 CE. Its starting point was the year in which Jesus was thought to have been born. (Modern scholarship places the birth date of Jesus at 4 BCE.) Anything that happened before Year One is referred to as happening BC Before Christ. Anything after that date is said to have occurred AD Anno Domini, literally in the year of the Lord, i.e., after the birth of Jesus. The traditional way of writing BC and AD dates is to put AD in front of the date and BC after it. For example, Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Joan of Arc was executed in AD 1431. Now that the various cultures of the world have become intertwined, a dating system based on a particular religious view is no longer appropriate. Most writers of history have adopted the notations BCE and CE. BCE stands for Before Common Era. CE stands for Common Era. In this notation, Julius Caesar died in 44 BCE; Joan of Arc in CE 1431. The dividing date between BCE and CE is a Year One that coincides with the Consular Year One in which Gaius Caesar and Lucius Aemilius Paulus were consuls. Different dating systems are still being used in various contexts. Muslims use a calendar in which Year One corresponds to CE 622, the year in which Mohammad took his followers from Mecca to Medina. Anything before that date is referred to as BH; anything after, as AH. The H stands for the Arabic word hijra, migration. AH stands for the Latin Anno Hegirae, in the year of the Hijra. The Jewish calendar references its Year One as the year before the Creation, i.e. 3762 BCE. For Buddhists Year One corresponds to 543 BCE, the year Buddha died. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtFor Sale vs. On Sale3 Types of Essays Are Models for Professional Writing Forms

Planning and Recruitment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Planning and Recruitment - Coursework Example In your opinion which one is more effective? Justify your answer. (200 words) Q7: Explain, at least 4 different ways to Attract and Retain Great Employees. (200 words) Q8: Explain the types of compensation are available in organizations (Mention at least 4 types). (200 words) Importance of effective Planning for future organizational staffing requirements Human resources planning simply refer to the classic HR administrative functions, along with the evaluation and the identification of human resources requirements for meeting of organizational goals. Human resources planning should be a vital component as it provides competitive advantage in the marketplace. (www.wisgeek.com) Effect planning for the future organizational staffing would result in sufficient staff, with the right mixture of talent, who can perform appropriate functions when needed. In today’s corporate environment, it is viewed as a valuable component for augmenting value to an organization. Both the employees and the company will many times realize many benefits of planning over the long-run. In the uncertain business settings, the significance of this strategic human resources planning can become more obvious. A company that reacts to the circumstances by cutting staff as their measure to reduce the short-term overhead can simply create unwanted repercussions. What initially was like a smart and the necessary move to economize in the lean times can then end up costing the company much more in its long-run. The resources that would require to subsequently recruiting, hire, and train fresh employees may well exceed any short-term cost savings but ultimately lead to longer term benefits. It’s a fact that many of us work for earning money yet these monetary benefits are not the only sole criteria while selecting any job. Great emphasize on the good HR system in organization is to sort people who are much job contented and love what is their four offer on sale. Construct a Job Adverti sement of Human Resources Manager vacancy taking into consideration the below fields: EAT JET 004 is a new passenger travelling plane with passenger seats equivalent to 300. It is looking for candidates between the ages of 25 – 35 years old as Human resource manager of its airline service EAT JET 004. All applying candidates must have an experience in the field human resource experience of at least eight years and in the field of airplane specifically two years. This is to ensure that the human resource manager is well aware of the latest breakthroughs with which the EAT JET airline service faces All of the interested candidates should apply at the official website of EAT JET airline service candidates fulfilling the eligibility criteria would be entertained first with a short list interview followed by a finalizing candidate to fill the applied post. Internal and External Recruitment Strategies The Internal Recruitment is just like recruiting from inside of the organization, this can build a strong loyalty within the organization as the employees have chance to change their position after a much longer period of time. The employees are not pressed to look

Reflection on Sound and Fury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on Sound and Fury - Essay Example It is a bond that unites them to others with hearing disability. The story revolves around two families and their views on deafness and a cochlear implant that can help deaf people hear. Its characters are powerful, the emotions overwhelming and an ending that I found thought provoking and disturbing at the same time. Deaf characters in the movie viewed deafness as something sacred and did not consider it a disability. The threat posed by the new device is thus too overwhelming and they unite to protect their culture and their sign language. Peter and Nina are parents of Heather 6, and while they are all deaf, Peter is a strong advocate of sign language and an active member of anti-implant community. However they are shocked when Heather decides she wants an implant so she can talk to hearing people. She wants to hear the sounds around her especially of animals and lion in particular. The reaction of Heather’s mother Nina is of particular interest since she goes against the decision simply because she feels that if Heather starts hearing, she wont be communicating in sign language anymore. I may sound politically incorrect when I say this but the truth is that I did not like Nina’s reaction or their decision not to let Heather get implants. It is very difficult for a hearing person to understand why Nina behaved this way because anyone would want what’s best for his or her children. If you had a disability why would you want your children to go through the same problems? Any hearing or non-hearing person would obviously try to minimize the problems in their child’s life so why would Nina behave like an enemy. I couldn’t understand that and while I wanted to view things from a deaf person’s situation, I still couldn’t bring myself to accept Nina and Peter’s reaction. Interesting they decide that Heather could have implants

Law Enforcement Versus Police Interrogations Essay

Law Enforcement Versus Police Interrogations - Essay Example 2006).Terrorism is thus a form of deviant behavior. Since behavior is the hallmark here, old members of terrorist groups may work relentlessly on the psyches of new members, getting them optimally motivated and reinforced for desired behaviors. The old members also ensure that the new members are properly indoctrinated in the "crux" of the job, that is, deciding to participate in an attack even when the terrorist must die in order for the attack to be successful. Terrorism appeals to some people so much that they seek to affiliate and identify with terrorist groups and to adopt the major features of terrorist culture. Law Enforcement agencies see terrorism as a threat to national security and unity of the nation. in contrast, police interrogations see terrorism as aggression towards individuals and a threat to social order and obedience (Horgan, 2005). An important aspect of terrorists' socialization processes is the belief that the gains of dying while destroying their targets are inestimable for them after death. In socializing their subjects into believing this, terrorist leaders may easily capitalize on the already mature suicidal and aggressive tendencies in their subjects. With their orientation toward their leaders, after whom they also model themselves, terrorists will not find it difficult to believe this kind of "fantasy." This is probably why there are many terrorists ready to volunteer to undertake suicide attacks. Although this aspect of their beliefs has a religious undertone, terrorist leaders often use it to galvanize their subjects into action (Reich et al 1998). Law Enforcement agencies take into account the social learning theory which makes an important distinction between different types of aggression. Cultures and social groups have various norms regarding the appropriate use of aggression in inter-group conflict and hostility. From a psychological perspective, a key question is how effective the U.S. approach is likely to be in preventing terrorism (Horgan, 2005). The central thesis is that the approach is inherently limited because it fails to address the causes of terrorism, which, left unattended, are likely to boost anti-U.S. sentiments and produce new generations of terrorists. It suggests that a peace-building focus is needed to complement the current approach and to construct a comprehensive, psychologically informed strategy of terrorism prevention. The enemy imagery is one of the fundamental psychological mechanisms that motivates terrorism and lifts moral restraints against committing horrific acts of violence (Bonger et al. 2 006). In contrast to law enforcement agencies, police accepts and follows social injustice theory. Social injustice takes many different forms and consists of a mixture of objective and subjective elements. Objectively, it includes human rights violations, direct victimization, political and social oppression, and structural violence through preventable failure to meet basic human needs as a result of conditions such as poverty (Horgan, 2005). Although these objective and subjective elements are completely interwoven, the analysis below emphasizes the subjective since views of political conflict and terrorism

Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet Essay Provide a brief description for each of the following functions: 1. Basal ganglia The basal ganglia is part of the corpus striatum and is in the cerebral hemispheres. It is made up of the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleas and controls cognition, movement coordination and voluntary movement. 2. Corpus collosum The corpus collosum is made up of nerve fibers and separates the cerebrum into a right hemisphere and a left hemisphere. This part of the brain connects the right and left sides and also controls the communication between the two sides. It controls eye movement, tactile localization and keeps a balance between arousal and attention. 3. Temporal lobe The temporal lobe is part of the cerebral cortex. It controls how we perceive and understand sounds as well as our memory, speech and our emotional responses. 4. Occipital lobe The occipital lobe is part of the cerebral cortex. It controls how we perceive what we see and how we recognize colors. 5. Frontal lobe The frontal lobe is part of the cerebral cortex. It’s the part of the brain that we use for problem-solving, decision-making, and planning. 6. Cerebrum The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and it’s the most developed area in the brain. This part of the brain controls body functions, which includes muscle movement, sensory impulses and touch sensation. The cerebrum also controls organization, planning, intelligence level, personality as well as the way we think, process and understand language. 7. Spinal cord The spinal cord is made up of nerve fibers and runs from the brain to the spine. The spinal cord sends the signals that go to and from the brain and the rest of the body. 8. Cerebellum The cerebellum is made up of both white matter and of thin gray matter that is folded and layered on the outside of the cerebellum. It includes neurons that we use to process data and controls our coordination, balance, and equilibrium. 9. Medulla The medulla is part of the hindbrain. Its functions are that it controls the functions of our nervous system such as digestion, breathing, sneezing and swallowing. The medulla also sends the nerve signals between the spinal cord and the brain. 10. Pons The pons is the part of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex and the medulla oblongata. This is the part of the brain that controls arousal, sleep, and our nervous system functions. It also sends the sensory signals to and from the cerebellum and cerebrum. 11. Hippocampus The hippocampus is part of the limbic system. It is shaped like a horseshoe and controls our navigation and our body orientation, our emotional responses and how we process new memories. It is also where our memories are stored. 12. Amygdala The Amygdala is a composed of nuclei and is located in the temporal lobe. The amygdala controls memory, arousal, emotional responses, hormonal secretions, and how our nervous system responds to fear. 13. Pituitary gland The pituitary gland is divided into three sections: a posterior lobe, an intermediate lobe, and an anterior lobe. The pituitary gland produces growth hormones. It regulates endocrine function and hormone production and stores the hormones made by the hypothalamus. 14. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is part of the limbic system. It controls our autonomic, endocrine and motor functions. It also controls homeostasis, regulates our intake of food and water and regulates our sleep-wake cycle. 15. Thalamus The thalamus is located underneath the cerebral cortex. The thalamus controls our motor movements and our sleep and wake states. It also sends sensory signals to the cerebral cortex and receives all of the visual, somatosensory, and auditory sensory signals.

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew :: comparison compare contrast essays

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s comedies, many – possibly even most - of the female characters are portrayed as being manipulated, if not controlled outright, by the men in their lives: fathers, uncles, suitors, husbands.   And yet, there are women inhabiting Shakespeare’s comedic world who seem to enjoy a greater degree of autonomy and personal power than one would expect in a patriarchal society.   Superficially, therefore, Shakespeare’s comedies appear to send mixed signals regarding the notion of female empowerment.   Some women are strong and independent, others are completely submissive, and the behavior of either seems to be influenced more by theme or plot than by any qualities within the characters themselves. A closer look, though, should make it evident that this is not the case; as in many of Shakespeare’s plays, appearances can be deceiving.   In some cases, the exterior behavior is a deliberate faà §ade to mask the character’s real feelings; in others, it is an acculturated veneer that is burned away as a result of the play’s events.   Despite their outward appearances, though, most of these comedic women belong to one of two opposing archetypes.   An examination of these archetypes allows the reader to see past such deceptions to the real personality beneath.    The â€Å"Daughter† and â€Å"Niece† Archetypes Within Shakespeare’s comedies, many of the female characters are portrayed as submissive and easily controlled.   Like dutiful daughters, these women submit to patriarchal repression with little complaint. Perhaps the best example of a â€Å"daughter† character in Shakespearean comedy is the role of Hero in Much Ado About Nothing.   Hero is completely under the control of her father Leonato, especially with regard to courtship.   When, in Act Two, Leonato believes that Don Pedro may seek Hero’s hand in marriage, he orders Hero to welcome the prince’s advances despite the difference in their ages: â€Å"Daughter, remember what I told you.   If the Prince do solicit you in that kind, you know your answer† (II.i.61-3).   Thus we see that Leonato controls not only Hero’s actions, but even her words as well. In fact, Hero is so thoroughly repressed by the male-dominated society in which she lives that she submits not only to her father’s will, but to that of nearly every other man in the play.   She is easily wooed and won by Don Pedro posing as Claudio (II.

Conformity and Obedience in Society :: Social Roles Obedience Conformity Essays

Conformity and Obedience in Society The desire to be accepted and belong to a group is an undeniable human need. But how does this need affect an individual? Social psychologists have conducted numerous experiments and concluded that, through various forms of social influence, groups can change their members’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior. In her essay â€Å"Group Minds,† Doris Lessing discusses our paradoxical ability to call ourselves individuals and our inability to realize that groups define and influence us. We, as humans, hold individualism in the highest regard yet fail to realize that groups diminish our individuality. Lessing writes, â€Å"when we’re in a group, we tend to think as that group does... but we also find our thinking changing because we belong to a group† (p. 334). Groups have the tendency to generate norms, or standards for behavior in certain situations. Not following these norms can make you stand out and, therefore, groups have the ability to influence our thoughts and actions in ways that are consistent with the groups’. Lessing’s essay helps set the context to understand the experiments that social psychologists Solomon Asch, Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo conducted to explain conformity and obedience. Solomon Asch’s experiment in â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure† studied a subject’s ability to yield to social pressure when placed within a group of strangers. His research helped illustrate how groups encourage conformity. During a typical experiment, members of the group were asked by the experimenter to claim two obvious mismatched lines were identical. The single individual who was not privy to this information was the focal point of the experiment. Twelve out of eighteen times the unsuspecting individual went along with the majority, dispelling his beliefs in favor of the opinions of the group. Why did a subject conform in two-thirds of the tests? Influence causes us to think and act in ways that are consistent with our group, especially when we look to the group as a source of information. We also tend to assume that a large number of people can’t all be wrong. Asch writes, â€Å"the sheer weight of numbers or authority sufficed to change opinions, even when no arguments for the opinions themselves were provided† (p. 337). Stanley Milgram is well known for his work with obedience to authority. His work, â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,† studied whether average individuals would obey an authority figure, telling them to do something that harms another individual.

History of the Baking in the Philippines Essay

I got to admit, if given the chance to choose between rice, pasta or bread, I would definitely go for pasta any day. This is also the reason why I tend to be extra picky with the type of breads that I eat. I love freshly baked pan de sal paired with a spoonful of peanut butter and a cup of hot cocoa. Soft and fluffy ciabatta bread has been my favorite when I’m making myself a sandwich. As for the type of breads that I avoid, these are ones with raisins, dates or the fruity type. I really do not know why but I always end up plucking each tiny fruit out before biting into the bread. One day, I received a box of freshly baked goodies from Bread Story Philippines. It was after visiting their Facebook page that I found out that the brand actually originates fromMalaysia. We had some of their specialty breads for lunch. Among the four breads on the plate, I liked the Flossy Signature which had buttery pork floss on top. The Flossy Hottie, on the other hand, was topped with spicy chicken floss and was pretty good too. We also liked the pizza flavored bread called Hi Amigo (Php. 46) which tasted like a Hawaiian, our favorite pizza flavor. The fourth type of bread was the one that I least enjoyed as it had creamy custard inside and was a tad too sweet for me. Nonetheless, I liked that the breads were very soft making each bite such a delight. Papa also liked the Pandan bread and commented that it was very soft and fragrant. Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to try this anymore as my family happily consumed the entire half loaf for breakfast one day. Bread Story also has cakes available for all occasions. How I wish that Bread Story would soon open more branches nearer to home. For now, I have to travel all the way to the south to be able to try more of their bread offerings. Bread Story is located at the Basement Level of SM Southmall, Las Pinas City.

These Shining Livesâ€A Play by Melanie Marnich

These Shining Lives- A Play by Melanie Marnich These Shining Lives revolves around  the real-life circumstances of women in the 1920s who worked in a watch factory painting watch faces  with glowing radium-rich paint. While the characters and company in These Shining Lives are fictitious, the story of the Radium Girls and the toxic and deadly levels of radium poisoning of over 4,000 factory workers is true. The real-life Radium Girls took their company to court and achieved a long-lasting victory over corporations with poor workplace conditions and worker’s compensation that is still in effect today. The Plot The women in These Shining Lives are delighted to find high-paying work in the early part of the century. They earn 8 ¢ for each watch face they paint and if they are fast enough and neat enough, they can earn over $8 a day. That kind of money could change the entire circumstances of a woman and her family in the 1920s. Catherine, also called Katie, is leaving home for her first day of work. She has twins and a loving and supportive husband. They are barely making ends meet and she sees the opportunity to work and bring home money as a huge boon to her family. At the factory, she meets her tablemates, Frances, Charlotte, and Pearl and learns how to paint the watches: Take the brush and twirl it between your lips to make a sharp point, dip it in the paint, and paint the numbers. â€Å"It’s a lip, dip, and paint routine,† Frances instructs her. When Catherine comments on how the paint glows and tastes, she is told that radium is medicinal and cures all kinds of maladies. She quickly becomes adept at the work and loves her new identity as a working woman. Six years later, however, she and every girl working on the watches have health problems. Many are fired for needing too many sick days. Some die. Catherine is afflicted with severe pains in her legs, arms, and jaw. Eventually, Catherine finds a doctor willing to tell her the truth. She and all the others have toxic levels of radium poisoning. Their condition is fatal. Instead of fading into the background, Catherine and her friends decide to risk their names, images, and reputations and take the watch company to court. Production Details Setting: Chicago and Ottowa, Illinois Time: 1920s and 1930s Cast Size: This play is written to accommodate 6 actors, but there are as many as 18 roles if the doubling recommended in the script is ignored. Male Characters: 2 (who also double as 7 other minor characters) Female Characters: 4 (who also double as 5 other minor characters) Characters that could be played by either males or females: 4 Roles Catherine Donohue is a proud working woman. She is vibrant and competitive. Although she insists that her job is a temporary one, she enjoys working outside of the home and she is unapologetic about it. Frances has a keen eye for scandal. She loves the time and attention she gets from her work companions. The actress playing Frances also plays Reporter 2 and an Official. Charlotte is a tough taskmaster and a determined woman. She works hard at her job, doesn’t make friends easily and she doesn’t let go of the friends she has made or let them give up. The actress playing Charlotte also plays Reporter 1. Pearl is a shameless gossip who sees her work as an opportunity to know everything about everyone. Not a single symptom of scandal or sickness escapes her notice. The actress playing Pearl also plays the Daughter and Judge 2. Tom Donohue is Catherine’s husband. He is head-over-heels for his wife and family even though he is somewhat troubled by having a working wife. The actor playing Tom also plays Dr. Rowantree and Dr. Dalitsch. Mr. Reed is the boss at the factory. It is clear that he has information about the effects of radium poisoning but he abides by company policy and does not inform his workers. He wants to make the factory profitable. Although he is invested in his workers and their lives and even considers them friends, he knowingly allows them to continue to be poisoned and sicken and die. The actor playing Mr. Reed also plays the Radio Announcer, the Company Doctor, the Son, Judge, and Leonard Grossman. Content Issues: Negligible Production rights for These Shining Lives are held by Dramatists Play Service, Inc.

Massacre at the Festival of Toxcatl

Massacre at the Festival of Toxcatl On May 20, 1520, Spanish conquistadors led by Pedro de Alvarado attacked unarmed Aztec nobles congregated at the Festival of Toxcatl, one of the most important festivals on the native religious calendar. Alvarado believed he had evidence of an Aztec plot to attack and murder the Spanish, who had recently occupied the city and taken Emperor Montezuma captive. Thousands were slaughtered by the ruthless Spaniards, including much of the leadership of the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan. After the massacre, the city of Tenochtitlan rose up against the invaders, and on June 30, 1520, they would successfully (if temporarily) drive them out. Hernan Cortes and the Conquest of the Aztecs In April of 1519, Hernan Cortes had landed near present-day Veracruz with some 600 conquistadors. The ruthless Cortes had slowly made his way inland, encountering several tribes along the way. Many of these tribes were unhappy vassals of the warlike Aztecs, who ruled their empire from the marvelous city of Tenochtitlan. In Tlaxcala, the Spanish had fought the warlike Tlaxcalans before agreeing to an alliance with them. The conquistadors had continued on to Tenochtitlan by way of Cholula, where Cortes orchestrated a massive massacre of local leaders he claimed were complicit in a plot to murder them. In November of 1519, Cortes and his men reached the glorious city of Tenochtitlan. They were initially welcomed by Emperor Montezuma, but the greedy Spaniards soon wore out their welcome. Cortes imprisoned Montezuma and held him hostage against the good behavior of his people. By now the Spanish had seen the vast golden treasures of the Aztecs and were hungry for more. An uneasy truce between the conquistadors and an increasingly resentful Aztec population lasted into the early months of 1520. Cortes, Velazquez, and Narvaez Back in Spanish-controlled Cuba, governor Diego Velazquez had learned of Cortes exploits. Velazquez had initially sponsored Cortes but had tried to remove him from command of the expedition. Hearing of the great wealth coming out of Mexico, Velazquez sent veteran conquistador Panfilo de Narvaez to rein in the insubordinate Cortes and regain control of the campaign. Narvaez landed in April of 1520 with a massive force of over 1000 well-armed conquistadors.   Cortes mustered as many men as he could and returned to the coast to battle Narvaez. He left about 120 men behind in Tenochtitlan and left his trusted lieutenant Pedro de Alvarado in charge. Cortes met meet Narvaez in battle and defeated him on the night of May 28-29, 1520. With Narvaez in chains, most of his men joined Cortes. Alvarado and the Festival of Toxcatl In the first three weeks of May, the Mexica (Aztecs) traditionally celebrated the Festival of Toxcatl.   This long festival was dedicated to the most important of the Aztec gods, Huitzilopochtli. The purpose of the festival was to ask for the rains which would water the Aztec crops for another year, and it involved dancing, prayers, and human sacrifice. Before he left for the coast, Cortes had conferred with Montezuma and had decided that the festival could go on as planned. Once Alvarado was in charge, he also agreed to allow it, on the (unrealistic) condition that there be no human sacrifices. A Plot Against the Spanish? Before long, Alvarado began to believe that there was a plot to kill him and the other conquistadors remaining in Tenochtitlan. His Tlaxcalan allies told him that they had heard rumors that at the conclusion of the festival, the people of Tenochtitlan were to rise against the Spanish, capture them and sacrifice them. Alvarado saw stakes being fixed into the ground, of the sort used to hold captives while they awaited being sacrificed. A new, gruesome statue of Huitzilopochtli was being raised onto the top of the great temple. Alvarado spoke to Montezuma and demanded he put an end to any plots against the Spanish, but the emperor answered that he knew of no such plot and could not do anything about it anyway, as he was a prisoner. Alvarado was further enraged by the obvious presence of sacrificial victims in the city. The Temple Massacre Both the Spanish and the Aztecs became increasingly uneasy, but the Festival of Toxcatl began as planned. Alvarado, by now convinced of the evidence of a plot, decided to take the offensive. On the fourth day of the festival, Alvarado placed half of his men on guard duty around Montezuma and some of the highest-ranking Aztec lords and placed the rest in strategic positions around the Patio of the Dances near the Great Temple, where the Serpent Dance was to take place. The Serpent Dance was one of the most important moments of the Festival, and the Aztec nobility was in attendance, in beautiful cloaks of brightly colored feathers and animal skins. Religious and military leaders were present as well. Before long, the courtyard was full of brightly colored dancers and attendees. Alvarado gave the order to attack. Spanish soldiers closed off the exits to the courtyard and the massacre began. Crossbowmen and harquebusiers rained down death from the rooftops, while heavily armed and armored foot soldiers and about a thousand Tlaxcalan allies waded into the crowd, cutting down the dancers and revelers. The Spanish spared no one, chasing down those who begged for mercy or fled. Some of the revelers fought back and even managed to kill a few of the Spanish, but the unarmed nobles were no match for steel armor and weapons. Meanwhile, the men guarding Montezuma and the other Aztec lords murdered several of them but spared the emperor himself and a few others, including Cuitlhuac, who would later become Tlatoani (Emperor) of the Aztecs after Montezuma. Thousands were killed, and in the aftermath, the greedy Spanish soldiers picked the corpses clean of golden ornaments. Spanish Under Siege Steel weapons and cannons or not, Alvarados 100 conquistadors were seriously outnumbered. The city rose in outrage and attacked the Spanish, who had barricaded themselves in the palace which had been their quarters. With their harquebuses, cannons, and crossbows, the Spanish were able to mostly hold off the assault, but the rage of the people showed no signs of subsiding. Alvarado ordered Emperor Montezuma to go out and calm the people. Montezuma complied, and the people temporarily ceased their assault on the Spanish, but the city was still full of rage. Alvarado and his men were in a most precarious situation. Aftermath of the Temple Massacre Cortes heard of his mens dilemma and rushed back to Tenochtitlan after defeating Panfilo de Narvaez. He found the city in a state of uproar and was barely able to re-establish order. After the Spanish forced him to go out and plead for his people to stay calm, Montezuma was attacked with stones and arrows by his own people. He died slowly of his wounds, passing away on or about June 29, 1520. The death of Montezuma only made the situation worse for Cortes and his men, and Cortes decided that he simply did not have enough resources to hold the enraged city. On the night of June 30, the Spanish tried to sneak out of the city, but they were spotted and the Mexica (Aztecs) attacked. This became known as the Noche Triste, or Night of Sorrows, because hundreds of Spaniards were killed as they fled the city. Cortes escaped with most of his men and over the next few months would begin a campaign to re-take Tenochtitlan. The Temple Massacre is one of the more infamous episodes in the history of the Conquest of the Aztecs, which had no shortage of barbarous events. Whether or not the Aztecs did, in fact, intend to rise up against Alvarado and his men is unknown. Historically speaking, there is little hard evidence for such a plot, but it is undeniable that Alvarado was in an extremely dangerous situation which got worse daily. Alvarado had seen how the Cholula Massacre had stunned the population into docility, and perhaps he was taking a page from Cortes book when he ordered the Temple Massacre.   Sources: Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Print.Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. New York: Bantam, 2008.Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes and the Fall of Old Mexico. New York: Touchstone, 1993.

Literacy Strategies to Use in Lessons for Struggling Readers

Literacy Strategies to Use in Lessons for Struggling Readers In many districts, students with reading difficulties are identified in the primary grades so that remediation and support can be given as early as possible. But there are struggling students who may need support in reading throughout their academic careers. There may be struggling readers who have entered a district in the later grades when the texts are more complex and the support services less available. Extended remediation for these groups of struggling readers can be less effective if the strategies that are chosen limit a students creativity or choice. Remediation with structured lessons that repeat the same material will result in less content covered by the students. So what strategies can the classroom teacher use to teach these struggling students who cannot read to access the content? When a text is critically important, teachers need to be purposeful in selecting literacy strategies for a content lesson that prepares struggling readers for success. They need to weigh what they know about the students with the most important ideas in the text or content. For example, a teacher may determine that students need to make inferences from a fiction text to understand a character or that students need to understand how a map illustrates how rivers are important to settlement. The teacher needs to consider what all students in the class could use in order to be successful and then balance that decision with the needs of the struggling reader. The first step could be to use an opening activity where all students can be engaged successfully. Successful starters An anticipation guide is a lesson opening strategy meant to activate the students prior knowledge. Struggling students, however, may lack prior knowledge, particularly in the area of vocabulary. The anticipation guide as a starter for struggling readers is also meant to build interest and excitement about a topic and give all students an opportunity for success. Another literacy strategy starter could be a text that all students, regardless of ability, can access. The text must be related to the topic or objective and can be a picture, an audio recording or a video clip. For example, if inferences are the objective of a lesson, students may fill in thought bubbles on photos of people in response to What is this person thinking? Allowing all students access to a common text that has been selected for equal use by all students for the lessons objective is not a remediation activity or a modification.   Prepare vocabulary In designing any lesson, a teacher must select the vocabulary that is necessary for all students to meet the goal for the lessons objective rather than attempt to try to fill in all the gaps in prior knowledge or ability. For example, if the objective of a lesson is to have all students understand that a rivers location is important developing a settlement, then all students will need to become familiar with content specific terms such as port, mouth, and bank. As each of these words has multiple meanings, a teacher can  develop pre-reading activities to familiarize all students before reading. Activities can be developed for vocabulary such as these three different definitions for  bank: The land alongside or sloping down to a river or lakeAn institution for receiving, lendingTo  tip  or  incline  an  airplane Another literacy strategy comes from the research that suggests that older struggling readers can be more successful if high-frequency words are combined in phrases rather than isolated words.  The struggling readers  can practice words from Frys high-frequency words if they are purposefully placed for meaning placed into the phrases, such as a hundred ships  pulled  (from Frys 4th 100-word  list). Such phrases can be read aloud for accuracy and fluency as part of a vocabulary activity that is based in a disciplines content. In addition, a literacy strategy for struggling readers comes from Suzy Pepper Rollins book Learning in the Fast Lane.  She introduces the idea of TIP charts, used to introduce a lessons vocabulary. Students may have access to these charts that are set up in three columns: Terms (T) Information (I) and Pictures (P). Students can use these TIP charts to increase their ability to engage in accountable talk in expressing their understanding or summarizing the reading. Such talk can help develop the speaking and listening  skills of struggling readers.   Read aloud A text can be read aloud to students at any grade level. The sound of a human voice reading a text may be one of the best ways to help struggling readers develop an ear for language. Reading aloud is modeling, and students can make meaning from someones phrasing and intonation when reading a text. Modeling good reading helps all students while it provides access to the text being used. Reading aloud to students should also include think-aloud or interactive elements. Teachers should focus intentionally on the meaning â€Å"within the text,† â€Å"about the text,† and â€Å"beyond the text†   as they read. This kind of interactive read aloud means stopping to ask questions to check for understanding and allowing students to discuss meaning with partners. After listening to a read aloud, struggling readers can contribute the same as their peers in a read-aloud.   Illustrate understanding When possible, all students should have the opportunity to draw their understanding. Teachers can ask all students to summarize the lessons â€Å"big idea† or major concept can be summarized. Struggling students can share and explain their image with a partner, in a small group, or in a gallery walk.They may draw in different ways: To add to a pictureTo create an original pictureTo draw and label a pictureTo draw and to annotate a picture Literacy strategy matches objective Strategies used to support struggling readers should be tied to the lessons objective. If the lesson objective making inferences from a fiction text, then a repeated read aloud  of the text or selection of the text can help struggling readers to determine the best evidence to support their understanding. If the lesson objective is explaining the impact of rivers on developing a  settlement, then vocabulary strategies will provide struggling readers with the terms needed to explain their understanding.   Rather than try to address all of the needs of a struggling reader through modification of remediation, teachers can be purposeful in lesson design and selective in their choice of strategy,   using them individually or in a sequence:   starter activity, vocabulary prep, read-aloud, illustrate. Teachers can plan  each content lesson to offer access to a common text for all students. When struggling readers are given the chance to participate, their engagement and their motivation will increase, perhaps even more than when traditional remediation is used.